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Umenzi weFactory Supply Food Gelatina for Gummies

Umenzi weFactory Supply Food Gelatina for Gummies

I-gelatin yorhwebo iyahluka ukusuka kwi-80 ukuya kwi-260 yeegrem zeBloom kwaye, ngaphandle kwezinto ezikhethekileyo, ayinayo imibala eyongeziweyo, iincasa, izigcinakaliso, kunye nezongezo zekhemikhali. I-Gelatin yinto eyaziwayo ngokubanzi njengokutya okukhuselekileyo kwe-gelatin eyona nto inqwenelekayo yimpawu zayo ze-melt-in-the-mouth kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukwenza i-thermo reversible gels.I-Gelatin yiprotheni eyenziwe kwi-partial hydrolysis ye-collagen yezilwanyana. Igelatin yodidi lokutya isetyenziswa njenge-gelling agent ekwenzeni ijeli, iimarshmallows kunye neelekese zegummy. Ngaphezu koko, ikwasetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokuzinzisa kunye nokujiya ekwenzeni iijam, iyogathi kunye ne-ayisikrimu.


Iinkcukacha zeMveliso

Inkcazo

Itshathi yokuHamba

Isicelo

Iphakheji

Iithegi zeMveliso

Ukuzingisa “kuMgangatho oPhezulu, ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo, ixabiso elinobundlongondlongo”, ngoku siye saseka intsebenziswano yexesha elide kunye nabathengi abasuka phesheya ngokulinganayo nasekhaya kwaye sifumana izimvo ezinkulu zabathengi abatsha nabakudala kuMvelisi weFactory Supply Food Gelatina for Gummies, Ukuba uthabathekile kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo kunye neemveliso zethu, nceda ungalindeli ukunxibelelana nathi. Sonke sikulungele ukukuphendula ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 kamsinya nje emva kokufumana isicelo sakho kunye nokwakha izibonelelo kunye nombutho ohlangeneyo ngokusondeleyo kwixesha elide.
Ukuzingisa “kuMgangatho oPhezulu, uHanjiso oluKhawulezayo, iXabiso elinobundlongondlongo”, ngoku siye saseka intsebenziswano yexesha elide nabathengi abavela phesheya ngokulinganayo nangaphakathi kwaye sifumana amagqabantshintshi amakhulu abathengi abatsha nabadala I-Gelatin yaseTshayina kunye neGelatin, Sihlala sigxininisa kumgaqo othi "Umgangatho kunye nenkonzo bubomi bemveliso". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izisombululo zethu zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 phantsi kolawulo lwethu olungqongqo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yenqanaba eliphezulu.

Yasin, uMenzi weGelatin oyingcali eTshayina

Wamkelekile kuYasin Gelatin, umboneleli ophambili wegelatin kunye nomvelisi eTshayina. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30 yamava kunye nobuchule, siyavuya ukunika uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zegelatin ezikumgangatho ophezulu kumashishini awohlukeneyo afana namayeza, ukutya, kunye nemizi-mveliso. Nokuba ukhangela i-gelatin yenkomo, igelatin yentlanzi, igelatin yebanga lokutya, igelatin yodidi lwamayeza, okanye igelatin yamashishini, sinazo zonke.

Nokuba ufuna i-gelatin kumayeza, ukutya, okanye iinjongo zoshishino, uYasin Gelatin liqabane lakho elithembekileyo. Ngoluhlu lwethu olubanzi lweemveliso zegelatin, amaxabiso akhuphisanayo, kunye nenkonzo ebalaseleyo yabathengi, siqinisekile ngokudibana kunye nokugqithisa ubukulindele.

Qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje ukuze uxoxe ngeemfuno zakho zegelatin kwaye ube namava omahluko wokusebenza nowona mvelisi ubalaseleyo wegelatin eTshayina.

Isicelo

I-Confectionery

Iiconfections zenziwa kwisiseko seswekile, isiraphu yombona kunye namanzi. Kwesi siseko zongezwa incasa, umbala kunye neziguquli zokuthungwa. I-Gelatin isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-confections ngenxa yokuba igwebu, ijeli, okanye iqina ibe yiqhekeza elinyibilika kancinane okanye linyibilike emlonyeni.

Iintsholongwane ezifana neebhere zegummy zinepesenti ephezulu yegelatin. Ezi lekese zinyibilika ngokucothayo ngaloo ndlela zandisa ukonwabela ilekese ngelixa zigudisa incasa.

I-Gelatin isetyenziswa kwi-confections etyumkileyo efana ne-marshmallows apho isebenza ukuthoba ukuxinana komphezulu wesiraphu, ukuzinzisa i-foam ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity, ukuseta i-foam nge-gelatin, kunye nokuthintela i-crystallization yeswekile.

I-Gelatin isetyenziswe kwi-confections enegwebu kwinqanaba le-2-7%, kuxhomekeke kuthungo olufunwayo. Amagwebu e-Gummy asebenzisa malunga ne-7% ye-200 - 275 ye-Bloom gelatin. Abavelisi beMarshmallow basebenzisa i-2.5% ye-250 yeBloom Type A gelatin.

 

Umsebenzi

Bloom

Uhlobo *

Viscosity

Umthamo

(kwi-cp)

I-Confectionery

Iintsini zeGelatin

  • i-arhente ye-gelling
  • ukuthungwa
  • ukuqina

180-260

A/B

phantsi-phezulu

6 - 10 %

Iintsini zewayini

(igelatin + istatshi)

  • i-arhente ye-gelling
  • ukuthungwa
  • ukuqina

100-180

A/B

ephantsi-phakathi

2 - 6 %

Iilekese ezihlafunwayo

(iziqhamo, iitofi)

  • ukungenisa umoya
  • ukuhlafuna

100-150

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.5 - 3 %

IiMarshmallows

(ifakwe okanye ikhutshiwe)

  • ukungenisa umoya
  • uzinzo
  • i-arhente ye-gelling

200-260

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

2 - 5 %

Nougat

  • ukuhlafuna

100-150

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.2 - 1.5 %

Utywala

  • i-arhente ye-gelling
  • ukuthungwa
  • ukuqina

120-220

A/B

ephantsi-phakathi

3 - 8 %

Ukwaleka

(itshungama)

  • ukwenziwa kwefilimu
  • ukubopha

120-150

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.2 - 1 %



Ubisi kunye neeDesserts

Izimuncumuncu zeGelatin zingalandwa ukusukela ngo-1845 xa ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lakhutshwa lisetyenziselwa “igelatin ephathwayo” ukuze isetyenziswe kwizimuncumuncu. Iidessert zeGelatin zihlala zithandwa: imarike yangoku yase-US yeedessert zegelatin idlula i-100 lezigidi zeeponti ngonyaka.

Abathengi banamhlanje banenkxalabo nge-caloric intake. Izimuncumuncu eziqhelekileyo zegelatin kulula ukuzilungiselela, ukungcamla okumnandi, okunesondlo, zifumaneka kwiincasa ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ziqulathe kuphela iikhalori ezingama-80 ngesiqingatha sekomityi nganye. Iinguqulelo ezingenaswekile ziikhalori ezisibhozo nje ngokuphakelwa.

Iityuwa zebuffer zisetyenziselwa ukugcina i-pH eyiyo yencasa kunye neempawu zokumisela. Ngokwembali, intwana encinci yetyuwa yongezwa njenge-flavour enhancer.

Izimuncumuncu zeGelatin zinokulungiswa kusetyenziswa nokuba Udidi A okanye Uhlobo B gelatin eneBlooms phakathi kwe-175 kunye ne-275. I-Bloom ephezulu i-Bloom encinci efunekayo kwiseti efanelekileyo (okt i-275 ye-gelatin ye-Bloom iya kufuna malunga ne-1.3% ye-gelatin ngelixa i-175 ye-gelatin ye-Bloom iya kufuna i-2.0% ukufumana isethi elinganayo). Iisweeteners ngaphandle kwe-sucrose zingasetyenziswa.

 

Umsebenzi

Bloom

Uhlobo *

Viscosity

Umthamo

(kwi-cp)

Ubisi kunye neeDesserts

Gelatin dessert

  • i-arhente ye-gelling
  • ukuthungwa

180-260

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

1.5 - 3 %

Iyogathi

  • kuthintela syneresis
  • ukuthungwa
  • ukujiya, i-arhente ye-gelling

200-250

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.2 - 1 %

Iidessert ezifakwe emoyeni

(iintlobo zemouse)

  • uzinzo
  • ukuthungwa
  • ukungenisa umoya

180-240

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.3 - 2 %

Iipuddings kunye ne-creams

  • ukuthungwa
  • ukujiya / i-arhente ye-gelling

200-240

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.2 - 2 %

Itshizi ethambileyo kwaye inyibilike

  • ukuthungwa
  • uzinzo

180-240

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.1 - 0.3 %

I-Ice Creams

  • ukuthungwa
  • uzinzo

120-160

A/B

ephantsi-phakathi

0.2 - 1.0 %

Imikhenkce

  • ukujiya / i-arhente ye-gelling

220-280

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

0.5 - 1.0 %



Inyama kunye nentlanzi

I-Gelatin isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-gel aspics, i-head cheese, i-souse, i-chicken rolls, i-glazed kunye nee-hams ezinkonkxiweyo, kunye neemveliso zenyama edibeneyo yazo zonke iintlobo. Igelatin isebenza ukufunxa incindi yenyama kwaye inike ubume kunye nolwakhiwo kwiimveliso ezinokuqhekeka. Umgangatho wokusetyenziswa oqhelekileyo usuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5% ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenyama, isixa somhluzi, i-gelatin Bloom, kunye nokuthungwa okufunwayo kwimveliso yokugqibela.

 

Umsebenzi

Bloom

Uhlobo *

Viscosity

Umthamo

(kwi-cp)

Inyama kunye nentlanzi

Iihams

  • inyama yokubopha

200-250

A/B

phakathi

QS

Aspics

  • i-arhente ye-gelling
  • ukuthungwa

150-280

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

3.5 - 18 %

Inyama enkonkxiweyo

  • ukuthungwa

250-280

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

1.5 - 3 %

Inkomo yenkomo

  • inyama yokubopha

250-280

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

1.5 - 3%

Iipayi (pâtés)

  • isigqubuthelo
  • uzinzo

180-250

A/B

phakathi-phezulu

1.3 - 3%

Inyama ephekiweyo ekhenkcezisiweyo

  • inyama yokubopha

200-240

B

phakathi-phezulu

0.5 - 3%


IWayini kunye neJuice Fining

Ngokusebenza njenge-coagulant, i-gelatin ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ukungcola ngexesha lokwenziwa kwewayini, ibhiya, i-cider kunye nejusi. Ineenzuzo zobomi beshelufu obungenamkhawulo kwifom eyomileyo, ukukhululeka kokusingatha, ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokucaciswa okuqaqambileyo.

 

Umsebenzi

Bloom

Uhlobo *

Viscosity

Umthamo

(kwi-cp)

Iwayini kunye neJuice yokuhlawuliswa  
 
  • ingcaciso

80-120

A/B

ephantsi-phakathi

5-15 g / hl

 

Inkcazo

Ukutya kwiBanga leGelatin
Izinto zeMzimba kunye nezeMichiza
Amandla eJeli Bloom 140-300Bloom
Viscosity (6.67% 60°C) mpa.s 2.5-4.0
Ukuqhekeka kweViscosity % ≤10.0
Ukufuma % ≤14.0
Ukungafihli mm ≥450
Ukuhanjiswa 450nm % ≥30
620nm % ≥50
Uthuthu % ≤2.0
I-Sulfur Dioxide mg/kg ≤30
Ihydrogen peroxide mg/kg ≤10
Amanzi anganyibilikiyo % ≤0.2
Ingqondo Enzima mg/kg ≤1.5
Arsenic mg/kg ≤1.0
Chromium mg/kg ≤2.0
Izinto zeMicrobial
Ubalo lweBhaktheriya iyonke CFU/g ≤10000
E. coli MPN/g ≤3.0
Salmonella   Ibi

Itshathi yokuHamba

Iphakheji

Ikakhulu kwi-25kgs/ibhegi.

1. Ipoly bag enye ngaphakathi, ezimbini ezilukiweyo ngaphandle.

2. Ipoly bag enye ngaphakathi, Kraft bag ngaphandle.

3. Ngokwemfuno yomthengi.

Ukwazi ukuLayisha:

1. enephalethi: 12Mts ye20ft isikhongozeli, 24Mts ye40Ft isikhongozeli

2. ngaphandle kwePallet: 8-15Mesh Gelatin: 17Mts

Ngaphezulu kwe-20Mesh Gelatin: 20 Mts

Ugcino

Gcina kwisitya esivaliweyo, sigcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, engenamoya.

Gcina kwindawo ecocekileyo ye-GMP, ulawule kakuhle ukufuma okuphakathi kwe-45-65%, ubushushu phakathi kwe-10-20 °C. Lungisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo kunye nokufuma ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina izinto ngokulungelelanisa iMiphumo yokuPhumla, ukupholisa kunye nezixhobo zokuphelisa umswakama.

Yintoni Eyasahlula?

1. Ixesha lokuHanjiswa ngokukhawuleza: Ixesha lokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza, elifuna kuphela malunga neentsuku ze-10;

2. Umthamo omkhulu: Umthamo wemveliso wenyanga ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000mts;

3. Ubonelelo oluzinzileyo lwemathiriyeli ekrwada: Ubudlelwane obuhle kunye nabanikezeli bempahla ekrwada ukuqinisekisa umthamo.

4. IiMveliso eziQinisekisiweyo, ziQinisekiswa ngoKhuseleko: Iqinisekiswe nge-ISO, HACCP, GMP, Halal, ngokungqongqo imveliso yokuqinisekisa umgangatho

Sikhona Onke Inyathelo leNdlela

Ukuguquka kwamanzi:
Uxinaniso lukwabizwa ngokuba ngumphunga, onjongo yalo ikukususa ukufuma kwegelatin ngokufudumeza.

gelatin- Umphunga
I-Gelatin-Extrusion

Extrusion:
I-extrusion ibhekisa ekwenzeni i-gelatin engamanzi ibe yi-gelatin noodles, emva koko i-noodle ye-gelatin inokomiswa kwi-gelatin band dryer.

Yomisa:
I-gelatin eyomileyo phantsi komshini wokomisa kwaye uqhekeze ukuya kwi-8-15mesh

gelatin-Eyomileyo
gelatin-Ukupakisha

Ukupakisha:
Ukupakisha i-gelatin phantsi kwe-8-15mesh ukuba ibe yi-Semi-imveliso

Uhlahlelo loMgangatho:
Ukwenza ukuhlalutya umgangatho kuzo zonke iiparamitha ngokungqongqo phambi kokupakisha isambuku

gelatin-Ubunjani Ukuhlalutya
gelatin-Ilayisha

Iyalayisha:
Ngaphambi kokulayisha kwisitya, yenza i-palletizing

Ukuhambisa ngenqanawe:
Sinobudlelwane obuhle kunye nempahla, iikhuriya, kunye neearhente zempahla ezinokuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa ngokutyibilikayo.

gelatin-yokuthumela

Ukupakisha kunye nokuLayisha

Iphakheji Ukwazi ukuLayisha:
25kgs/ibhegi
1.Ipoly bag enye ngaphakathi, 2 iibhegi elukiweyo ngaphandle;
2.Ipoly bag enye ngaphakathi, Kraft bag ngaphandle;
3.Ngokwemfuno yomthengi;
1.NgePallet: 12mts/20ft, 24mts/40ft
2.Ngaphandle kwePalethi: 17mts/20ft (8-15mesh), 20mts/20ft (20-40mesh)
24mts/40ft

FAQ NgeGelatin

I-Q1: Yintoni i-raw material ye-Gelatin yakho?
Sinesikhumba senkomo / i-gelatin yethambo, i-gelatin yentlanzi, i-porcine gelatin, njl.

Q2: Yintoni i-MOQ?
500kg

Q3: Yintoni ubomi beshelufu?
iminyaka eyi-2

I-Q4: Yiyiphi inkcazo ekhoyo phantsi kwemveliso?
Ngokuqhelekileyo izinto ezikhoyo ziyi-120bloom ~ 280bloom.

Q5: Kuthekani ngobungakanani besuntswana kubathengi bethu?
8-15mesh, 20mesh, 30mesh, 40mesh okanye njengoko kuceliwe.

I-Q6: Zeziphi izicelo eziqhelekileyo zegelatin?
I-Gelatin isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiidessert, i-fudge, kunye neesosi, kunye ne-gelling agent. Ukongeza, isetyenziselwa amayeza, izithambiso kunye nokufota.

Q7. Ngaba unokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nomgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso zakho zegelatin?
Iinkampani kufuneka zibe neenkqubo zokulawula umgangatho ongqongqo, kubandakanywa ukutshekishwa komgangatho wezinto ezikrwada, iimvavanyo zelebhu zangaphakathi kwiimveliso ezigqityiweyo, kunye novavanyo lomntu wesithathu, ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kunye nokhuseleko lweemveliso zabo zegelatin.

Ukuzingisa “kuMgangatho oPhezulu, ukuhanjiswa okukhawulezayo, ixabiso elinobundlongondlongo”, ngoku siye saseka intsebenziswano yexesha elide kunye nabathengi abasuka phesheya ngokulinganayo nasekhaya kwaye sifumana izimvo ezinkulu zabathengi abatsha nabakudala kuMvelisi weFactory Supply Food Gelatina for Gummies, Ukuba uthabathekile kuyo nayiphi na inkonzo kunye neemveliso zethu, nceda ungalindeli ukunxibelelana nathi. Sonke sikulungele ukukuphendula ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-24 kamsinya nje emva kokufumana isicelo sakho kunye nokwakha izibonelelo kunye nombutho ohlangeneyo ngokusondeleyo kwixesha elide.
Umenzi we I-Gelatin yaseTshayina kunye neGelatin, Sihlala sigxininisa kumgaqo othi "Umgangatho kunye nenkonzo bubomi bemveliso". Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izisombululo zethu zithunyelwe kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 phantsi kolawulo lwethu olungqongqo lomgangatho kunye nenkonzo yenqanaba eliphezulu.


  • Ngaphambili:
  • Okulandelayo:

  • Ukutya kwiBanga leGelatin

    Izinto zeMzimba kunye nezeMichiza
    Amandla eJeli Bloom 140-300Bloom
    Viscosity (6.67% 60°C) mpa.s 2.5-4.0
    Ukuqhekeka kweViscosity % ≤10.0
    Ukufuma % ≤14.0
    Ukungafihli mm ≥450
    Ukuhanjiswa 450nm % ≥30
    620nm % ≥50
    Uthuthu % ≤2.0
    I-Sulfur Dioxide mg/kg ≤30
    Ihydrogen peroxide mg/kg ≤10
    Amanzi anganyibilikiyo % ≤0.2
    Ingqondo Enzima mg/kg ≤1.5
    Arsenic mg/kg ≤1.0
    Chromium mg/kg ≤2.0
    Izinto zeMicrobial
    Ubalo lweBhaktheriya iyonke CFU/g ≤10000
    E. coli MPN/g ≤3.0
    Salmonella   Ibi

    Phula ItshathiKwiMveliso yeGelatin

    iinkcukacha

    I-Confectionery

    I-Gelatin isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-confections ngenxa yokuba igwebu, ijeli, okanye iqina ibe yiqhekeza elinyibilika kancinane okanye linyibilike emlonyeni.

    Iintsholongwane ezifana neebhere zegummy zinepesenti ephezulu yegelatin. Ezi lekese zinyibilika ngokucothayo ngaloo ndlela zandisa ukonwabela ilekese ngelixa zigudisa incasa.

    I-Gelatin isetyenziswa kwi-confections etyumkileyo efana ne-marshmallows apho isebenza ukuthoba ukuxinana komphezulu wesiraphu, ukuzinzisa i-foam ngokunyuka kwe-viscosity, ukuseta i-foam nge-gelatin, kunye nokuthintela i-crystallization yeswekile.

    isicelo-1

    Ubisi kunye neeDesserts

    Izimuncumuncu zeGelatin zinokulungiswa kusetyenziswa nokuba Udidi A okanye Uhlobo B gelatin eneBlooms phakathi kwe-175 kunye ne-275. Ukuphakama kweBloom i-gelatin encinci efunekayo kwiseti efanelekileyo (okt i-275 Bloom gelatin iya kufuna malunga ne-1.3% ye-gelatin ngelixa i-175 ye-gelatin ye-Bloom iya kufuna i-2.0% ukufumana isethi elinganayo). Iisweeteners ngaphandle kwe-sucrose zingasetyenziswa.

    Abathengi banamhlanje banenkxalabo nge-caloric intake. Izimuncumuncu eziqhelekileyo zegelatin kulula ukuzilungiselela, ukungcamla okumnandi, okunesondlo, zifumaneka kwiincasa ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ziqulathe kuphela iikhalori ezingama-80 ngesiqingatha sekomityi nganye. Iinguqulelo ezingenaswekile ziikhalori ezisibhozo nje ngokuphakelwa.

    isicelo-2

    Inyama kunye nentlanzi

    I-Gelatin isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-gel aspics, i-head cheese, i-souse, i-chicken rolls, i-glazed kunye nee-hams ezinkonkxiweyo, kunye neemveliso zenyama edibeneyo yazo zonke iintlobo. Igelatin isebenza ukufunxa incindi yenyama kwaye inike ubume kunye nolwakhiwo kwiimveliso ezinokuqhekeka. Umgangatho wokusetyenziswa oqhelekileyo usuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5% ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwenyama, isixa somhluzi, i-gelatin Bloom, kunye nokuthungwa okufunwayo kwimveliso yokugqibela.

    isicelo-3

    IWayini kunye neJuice Fining

    Ngokusebenza njenge-coagulant, i-gelatin ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha ukungcola ngexesha lokwenziwa kwewayini, ibhiya, i-cider kunye nejusi. Ineenzuzo zobomi beshelufu obungenamkhawulo kwifom eyomileyo, ukukhululeka kokusingatha, ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokucaciswa okuqaqambileyo.

    isicelo-4

    Iphakheji

    Ikakhulu kwi-25kgs/ibhegi.

    1. Ipoly bag enye ngaphakathi, ezimbini ezilukiweyo ngaphandle.

    2. Ipoly bag enye ngaphakathi, Kraft bag ngaphandle.

    3. Ngokwemfuno yomthengi.

    Ukwazi ukuLayisha:

    1. enephalethi: 12Mts ye20ft isikhongozeli, 24Mts ye40Ft isikhongozeli

    2. ngaphandle kwePallet: 8-15Mesh Gelatin: 17Mts

    Ngaphezulu kwe-20Mesh Gelatin: 20 Mts

    ipakethe

    Ugcino

    Gcina kwisitya esivaliweyo, sigcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, engenamoya.

    Gcina kwindawo ecocekileyo ye-GMP, ulawule kakuhle ukufuma okuphakathi kwe-45-65%, ubushushu phakathi kwe-10-20 °C. Lungisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo kunye nokufuma ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina izinto ngokulungelelanisa iMiphumo yokuPhumla, ukupholisa kunye nezixhobo zokuphelisa umswakama.

  • Bhala umyalezo wakho apha kwaye uwuthumele kuthi