Iziponji ze-Hemostatic okanye unokuzibiza ngokuba ziziponji zotyando, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwazo kakhulu kuqhaqho ukunqanda ukopha. Ngokufanayo, zikwabizwa ngokuba iziponji zegelatin ezikwaziyo ukufunxakuba zenziwe ngezinto ezifunxayo ezifana neselulosi, i-gelatin yamathambo, kunye nezinye izinto zepolymeric. Nangona kunjalo, la malungu asebenza kakuhle kwinkqubo yokuqina komzimba ukuze ayeke ukopha.
Isiponji sisetyenziswa kunyango lwemithambo-luvo, kunyango lwamazinyo, kwi-otolaryngology, kwi-gynecology, nakutyando lokunqanda ukopha komguli nokutshisa umphezulu wenxeba. Ngeli xesha, isiponji esine-hemostatic sikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu kwaye sineempawu zokufunxa kunye ne-antimicrobial.
Esi sithuba siya kuchaza ukuba zeziphi iziponji ze-hemostatic kunye nezicelo zabo ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zonyango.
Ukuqulunqwa kwe-Sponge ye-Hemostatic
Ukubunjwa kwe-Hemostatic Sponges kubalulekile ekumiseni igazi kunye nokwenza amahlule egazi kumanxeba. Amacandelo ayo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Izinto eziphambili:
▶IGelatin yoXhobo:
Uninzi lweziponji ze-hemostatic ziqulathe I-gelatin yamachiza, iprotheni esisiseko evela kwithambo lenkomo. Oku i-gelatin yenkomo yenkomoineengenelo ezahlukeneyo.
▶Ukufunxwa:
Xa umphezulu wayo ufunxa igazi, unokwenza amahlwili, nto leyo ethintela ukopha.
▶Ukonakala kwezinto eziphilayo:
Le nto ithetha ukuba xa umzimba womntu ngokwemvelo uphula i-gelatin, inceda ukwenza amahlwili egazi, anqande ukopha.
▶Thrombin:
I-Thrombin yi-enzayim enika amandla ngokuthe ngqo amahlwili ukuba avelise igazi.
▶I-Fibrinogen:
Iprotein fibrinogen idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni ihlwili legazi.
I-Hemostatic Filling Materials
Izinto zokuzalisa i-Hemostatic zihlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu ngokuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwazo kunye nomsebenzi: izinto ezisekelwe kwi-polysaccharide, i-protein-based reagents hemostatic, kunye neekhemikhali ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali.
1. IiCompounds zeHemostatic eziveliswe ngamachiza:
Iikhemikhali ze-Hemostasis zii-monomers ezincinci okanye iipolymers ezinokusabela ngokwekhemikhali ukuvelisa iijeli kunye nezibophelelo zezicubu. Nangona ezi zixhobo zinomngcipheko ophantsi kakhulu wokosuleleka yintsholongwane kuneemveliso ezisekelwe kwiprotheni, ubunzima obuthile, kunye nemingeni emininzi evela kwityhefu yekhemikhali kunye nokungonakali kuqhubekayo.2.
Ii-Agents ze-2.Hemostatic: Iprotheyini-Isekelwe
Iiprotheyini ezisekelwe kwi-hemostatic reagents, eziqulunqwe yi-thrombin, i-collagen, okanye i-fibrinogen, zifana nendlela ye-EC / PGRF ngokwexabiso eliphezulu. Banokosulela, kodwa ubomi babo bufutshane. Iiprotheyini ezisekelwe kwi-hemostatic agents zibalulekile ekuthinteleni ukopha kuqhaqho. Ezi arhente zisebenza ngokusebenzisa iiprotheni, ezifana ne-fibrin okanye i-collagen, ezikhawulezisa inkqubo ye-clotting eqhelekileyo emzimbeni.
Xa ezi proteni zisetyenziselwa ukugquma inxeba, zenza ihlwili eliqinileyo elinqanda ukopha kwaye liphucule ukuchacha. Ukulawulwa kokulahleka kwegazi ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenzayo kubalulekile kwiisetingi zotyando kunye nokunyamekela, ukubonelela ngexabiso elibalulekileyo kwiiprotheyini ezisekelwe kwi-hemostatic agents. Ziyahambelana ne-biocompatible kwaye zihlala zisebenza kakuhle kunye ne-chemistry yomzimba. Ke ngoko, kubasebenzi bezempilo, ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo lokunyusa amaxesha okubuyisela kunye nokuphucula iziphumo zesigulana.
3.Izinto zePolymeric Hemostatic Ephuma kwiPolysaccharide
Ngokuyintloko zenziwe nge-cellulose, i-chitosan, i-alginate ye-sodium, kunye nesitashi. Nokuba ungayijonga njani ... banokwenza kakhulu naluphi na uhlobo lwemveliso ye-hemostatic phantsi kwelanga. Olu hlobo lwepolymer lukunika i-biocompatibility elungileyo, i-biodegradability, kunye ne-non-immunogenic features.
Yintoni i I-Gelatin yeBovine yeBone?
I-gelatin yenkomo yenkomoluhlobo olusebenzayo kakhulu lwegelatin kuzo zonke iintlobo zezipontshi. Isuka kumathambo enkomo okanye kwamanye amathambo eenkomo kwaye ineenzuzo ezininzi.
Okwangoku, oku I-gelatin yenkomo yenkomo ifunxa igazi ngokugqibeleleyo, yenze amahlwili amaninzi asekuhlaleni anqanda ukopha. I-gelatin iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe emzimbeni, inciphisa isidingo sokususwa emva kokusetyenziswa.
Inkqubo yokuVeliswa kweeSponji zeHemostatic
Iziponji ze-Hemostatic zibalulekile kuqhaqho kunye nokunyamekela amanxeba, kodwa ukuyila kunye nokwakheka kwazo kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwazo. Apha, sijonga iindlela ezimbalwa zokulungisa ezi zixhobo zokuvala igazi:
1.Umkhenkce-Ukomisa:
Le ndlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ibandakanya ukukhenkceza isisombululo emva kokuba i-hemostatic substance, ehlala i-gelatin, ichithwe kwi-solvent. Emva koko, i-vacuum inikezelwa kumxube owenziwe ngumkhenkce, obangela ukuba i-solvent ibe yi-sublimate-inguqu ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwisigxina ukuya kwigesi-ngaphandle kokunyibilika komkhenkce. Oku kutshabalalisa iikristale zomkhenkce, kushiya isakhiwo sesiponji esinemingxuma. Xa isetyenziswe kwisilonda, i-gelatin matrix eseleyo igcina i-hemostatic substance kwaye ikhuthaza ukubunjwa kwegazi.
2.I-Solvent Casting & Particculate Leaching:
Okokuqala, isinyibilikisi sinyibilikisa i-gelatin yamathambo kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nefibrinogen kunye nethrombin ukuqalisa inkqubo. Emva koku, kuphuma ulwelo, onokuthi ulubeke kwiimold ezahlukeneyo kwaye ushiye ixesha elithile ukuze uqine. Xa sele imisiwe, iityuwa okanye iswekile zinyibilika ngesinyibilikisi esahlukileyo. Emva kwale nkqubo yokuvuza, ufumana into eneziponji ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemostatic sponges, eyona ndlela yokuthintela ukopha.
3.I-Electrospinning:
Le ndlela yanamhlanje isebenzisa intsimi yombane ukuguqula isisombululo sepolymer ibe yimicu ebuthathaka. Okwangoku, isisombululo se-polymer yi-sponges ye-hemostatic eyenziwe kwi-gelatin yamathambo okanye ezinye iipolymers. Xa ubeka le mathiriyeli efana nefayibha kumqokeleli emva kokuba inebala lombane, yenza imathiriyeli emile okwemathi. Yiyo indlela eyenza ngayo isiponji se-hemostatic, ongayisebenzisa kwiinjongo zotyando.
4.I-Lyophilization kunye neCrosslinking:
Le ndlela isebenzisa ii-agent ezinqamlezayo ngokubambisana ne-freeze-drying. I-Crosslinking ilawula izinga lokuqhekeka kwangaphakathi kwesiponji kwaye yomeleza isakhiwo sayo. I-Gelatin kunye ne-agent edibanisayo iyancibilika kwi-solvent kwaye emva koko yomiswe ngumkhenkce. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali zenza i-crosslinks phakathi kweemolekyuli ze-gelatin kwi-matrix enomkhenkce, eqinisa isiponji se-hemostatic kunye nokuvumela ukukhululwa okulawulwayo.
Okwangoku, abaphandi baqhubeka befumanisa iindlela ezintsha zokwenza iziponji ze-hemostatic kwiinkqubo zonyango. Nangona izakhiwo zesipontshi zinokuhlaziywa ukuze zisetyenziswe ngakumbi, njengeempawu ze-antimicrobial, olu phando lujolise ukuzisebenzisa njengenye indlela kwiipolima ezisekelwe kwizityalo. Nangona kunjalo, eyona njongo iphambili kukwenza iziponji ezininzi ze-hemostatic ezikhuselekileyo, eziluncedo, nezihlaziyiweyo.
Ukukhutshwa kunye nokuLungiswa kweBone Gelatin
Inkqubo yokutsalwa kwe-gelatin yamathambo ibandakanya amanyathelo anjengala:
Amathambo eenkomo athengwa kubarhwebi abathembekileyo kwaye avavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwawo.
Iikhemikhali okanye i-enzymes zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-collagen, eyona nxalenye yeprotheyini yethambo.
I-collagen ekhutshiweyo ixhomekeke kwinkqubo yokucoca ngokungqongqo esusa ukungcola ukufezekisa iipropati ezifunekayo kwi-gelatin ye-pharmaceutical-grade.
Igelatin yokugqibela ivalwe inzala ukuze kupheliswe ibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane.
Iinzuzo ze-Hemostatic Sponge
Iziponji ze-hemostatic zenzelwe ukuthintela ukulahleka kwegazi elinzima kumagumbi okusebenza kunye nokwandisa amandla okudala amahlwili ukuze umzimba womntu ukwazi ukuziphilisa ngokukhawuleza nangempilo.
✔ Ikhuthaza ukuKhawuleza kokuQhuba kunye nokuPhiliswa kwenxeba
Iziponji ze-hemostatic zineenzuzo ezininzi, ezinjengokumisa ukopha kwamanxeba, ukufunxa igazi, kunye nokuqalisa ukudala amahlwili. Ezi khemikhali ziphucula amandla okuphilisa endalo omzimba womntu kwaye zisindise isigulana ekulahlekeni kwegazi elinzima xa kukho naluphi na utyando.
✔Inceda ukulawula ukopha ngexesha leNkqubo yoCando
Iziponji ze-Hemostatic zidla ngokusetyenziswa ukulawula ukopha ngexesha leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zotyando. Zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuphuma kwegazi ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwamahlwili kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso yomatshini. Oku kunciphisa amathuba obunzima kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kotyando ngokugcina ibala lokusebenza likhululekile.
✔Ukunciphisa uLahleko lweGazi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki
Iziponji ze-hemostatic zimisa ukulahleka kwegazi kunye nomngcipheko weengxaki ngokufezekisa ulawulo lwamanxeba abantu okopha. Ngenxa yokuba ukopha kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba izigulana zife isiqaqa okanye zife, esi sisindisi sisoloko siyimfuneko kulo lonke uhlobo lotyando.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeSponge ze-Hemostatic kwi-Medicine
Iziponji ze-Hemostatic zinezicelo ezahlukeneyo kumayeza okulawula ukopha:
iUkusetyenziswa kuTyando ukuLawula ukopha
Zisetyenziswa kakuhle kwiinkqubo ezininzi zotyando ukuze kuthintelwe ukopha. Iindlela zemveli, ezifana ne-ligatures okanye uxinzelelo, azisebenzi kakuhle, ngoko oogqirha basebenzisa iziponji ze-hemostatic. Uyakwazi ukuwabeka ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yokopha, kwaye baqala ukuvuselela ukubunjwa kwehlwili kwaye banike inkxaso yomatshini.
iIzinto eziluncedo ngaphezu kwezinye iimveliso
Xa uthelekisa iziponji ezinegazi nezinye iimpahla, ezi zilandelayo zezinye izibonelelo zokusebenzisa izithako ezifana ne-chitosan kunye negelatin:
ü I-hemostasis ekhawulezayo kunye ne-absorbency ephezulu kunye nokukhawuleza kwegazi.
ü Ikhuselekile kunye ne-biocompatible kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi wokusabela okubi.
ü Ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezicubu kunye nokupholisa amanxeba okusebenzayo.
iUkusetyenziswa kwi-Orthopedic Surgeries
Ngaphaya koko, zisetyenziswa kuqhaqho lwamathambo ngokunjalo. Ngexesha lotyando, basebenza kakuhle kakhulu ukuthintela ukopha. Ngeli xesha, i isiponji segelatin esikwaziyo ukufunxaijolise ukufunxa bonke ukufuma okanye igazi kunye nesakhiwo salo se-porous ukunciphisa ukopha.
iUkusetyenziswa kwiiNkqubo zamazinyo
Ukusetyenziswa okulandelayo kweziponji ze-hemostatic kungasetyenziselwa utyando lwamazinyo olufana nokutsalwa kwezinyo, utyando lwe periodontal, kunye nolunye ungenelelo lotyando lomlomo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukulawula ukopha kuyamangalisa kolu tyando lunzima.
iUkuphumelela koTyando olwahlukeneyo
Ekugqibeleni, oku isiponji segelatin esikwaziyo ukufunxaisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo zotyando. Noko ke, ukukwazi kwayo ukunqanda ukopha komntu kubalulekile kwinzululwazi yezamayeza ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwayo; ngokunyanisekileyo sisindisi sobomi. Olona tyando lusetyenziswayo lubandakanya i-gynecology, i-neurology, i-otolaryngology, kunye notyando jikelele.
Ukuqukumbela
Ke, eli yayilinqaku malunga nokuba zenziwa ngantoni iziponji ze-hemostatic. Ngethemba, uya kuzifumana zonke iimpendulo obuzikhangela. Ngeli xesha, Ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezahlukeneyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi yezonyango njengotyando, kwaye amandla ayo kukumisa ukopha okugqithisileyo ngokufunxa ukufuma.
Abaphandi basakhangela amathuba amatsha okusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo kushishino lwamayeza kunye nokusindisa ubomi obuninzi.
